The price of the cathode active materials in lithium ion batteries is a key cost driver and thus significantly impacts consumer adoption of devices that utilize large energy storage contents (e.g. electric vehicles)..
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This study evaluates the global warming potential (GWP) impact of producing lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in emerging European Gigafactories. The paper presents a cradle-to-gate (CTG) life cycle assessment.
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